Glucosamine and chondroitin
are two supplements that are used in the treatment of
osteoarthritis. Glucosamine and chondroitin work to slow
the progression of the disease as well as relieve pain.
Pain relief from these supplements has to do with their
anti-inflammatory properties.
Glucosamine and
chondroitin have been used safely and effectively for
many years in Europe. Those that take glucosamine and
chondroitin report very few side effects. They can be
found as dietary or nutritional supplements and
available without a prescription. Glucosamine comes from
lobster crab or shrimp shells and chondroitin comes from
animal cartilage like tracheas or shark cartilage.
Glucosamine helps repair
cartilage and chondroitin helps cartilage become more
elastic and helps cartilage to retain more water as well
as inhibit the enzymes that cause cartilage to
deteriorate. Four out of five people that use
glucosamine, report a significant reduction in the pain
of osteoarthritis.
Often, chondroitin is
sold in a combination formula for arthritis along with
the supplement glucosamine and other supplements such as
the anti-inflammatory enzyme bromelain, sea cucumber,
zinc, horsetail, manganese and boswellia (a tree
extract).
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When you purchase
glucosamine and chondritin, remember that the quality of
the product, the other ingredients in the supplement as
well as the delivery system make a big difference in the
amount of relief experienced.
Glucosamine sulfate is
the number one building block for the large molecules
that are inside cartilage which give the cartilage
buffering properties, called viscoelastic properties.
This buffering is necessary for smooth movement of the
joint. Glucosamine can be taken orally and it absorbs
readily (within four hours) into the cartilage.
Glucosamine and
chondroitin are natural substances that are already in
the connective tissues of the human body. Glucosamine is
a type of amino sugars that forms and repairs cartilage.
chondroitin is a segment of a big protein molecule (proteoglycan)
that gives elasticity to cartilage. Both glucosamine and
chondroitin have anti-inflammatory properties in them
which are why they are helpful in treating rheumatic
diseases such as arthritis (inflammation and pain of the
joints).
Glucosamine is also
helpful for the pain of arthritis due to the
anti-inflammatory properties it contains. Glucosamine
works similarly to anti-inflammatory drugs such as
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) without
the negative side effects. Some common NSAIDs include
aspirin and ibuprofen. Past studies have shown that
those taking glucosamine and chondroitin for mild to
moderate osteoarthritis reported pain relief similar to
the pain relief from NSAIDs.
In addition, glucosamine
has shown to have a protective effect on cartilage in
many studies. These studies have shown glucosamine helps
both build cartilage and prevent the breakdown of
cartilage. Currently, a study is being done by the
National Institute of Health on the slowing of cartilage
damage in those taking glucosamine and chondroitin.
Definitive results are expected soon.
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The following are quotes
from Consumer Reports on glucosamine and chondroitin:
“Our medical consultants say there’s enough evidence to
conclude that products containing the amounts of
glucosamine, chondroitin, or both what worked in the
clinical trials might be worth trying for people with
osteoarthritis—particularly if they’ve experienced or
are likely to experience significant side effects from
conventional painkillers.”
Glucosamine and
chondroitin are not indicated for use in children,
pregnant women or women who can become pregnant due to a
lack of studies of these supplements on the long term or
short term effects on children or developing fetuses. In
addition, if you are taking blood thinning medications
or daily aspirin therapy, if you take chondritin, you
should have your blood clotting time checked often
because chondroitin may cause blood thinning and may
cause bleeding in some individuals.
Furthermore, if you are
allergic to shellfish, you should consult your doctor
before taking glucosamine because glucosamine is
extracted from shellfish. Generally, there should be no
problem since there allergies are usually caused by the
proteins of shellfish, not the chitin which is a
carbohydrate taken from shellfish.
As with any natural
supplement, it is important to inform your doctor that
you are taking them. Some people think that “all
natural” products and vitamins don’t have to be reported
to the doctor, but this is not true. Your doctor should
be aware of any drugs and supplements you are taking.
Overall, glucosamine and
chondroitin are safe, effective treatments for the pain
and inflammation of osteoarthritis. They also are
effective in creating and preventing the deterioration
of cartilage.
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